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Hypospadias: Occurrence, Causes & Surgical Treatment
What Is Hypospadias?
Hypospadias is a common congenital condition in baby boys where the urinary opening (urethral meatus) is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. The penis may appear otherwise normal, but the abnormal position of the opening requires medical evaluation.
Although the diagnosis can be concerning for parents, the reassuring news is that hypospadias repair surgery is highly effective when performed by experienced pediatric reconstructive surgeons.
How Common Is Hypospadias?
Hypospadias occurs in approximately 1 in 300 male births. Most cases are mild, but moderate and severe forms also occur and require surgical correction.
Why Does Hypospadias Occur?
The urethra develops between the 6th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. If this development is interrupted, the urethral opening may not reach the tip of the penis.
Possible contributing factors include:
- Hormonal imbalance during fetal development
- Genetic influences
- Environmental factors
- Unknown developmental causes
Hypospadias is primarily a developmental condition and is rarely caused by parental actions.
Types of Hypospadias
- Distal (Mild): Opening near the head of the penis
- Midshaft: Opening along the penile shaft
- Proximal (Severe): Opening near the base or scrotum
In some cases, hypospadias is associated with chordee (downward curvature of the penis), which also requires correction.
What Happens If Hypospadias Is Not Treated?
Untreated hypospadias may lead to:
- Abnormal urinary stream or spraying
- Difficulty urinating while standing
- Penile curvature affecting future sexual function
- Psychological or social embarrassment later in life
Fertility is usually not directly affected, but severe untreated cases may interfere with normal function.
Hypospadias Surgery: Treatment & Correction
Best Age for Surgery
Pediatric urologists and reconstructive surgeons recommend performing hypospadias repair between 6 and 18 months of age. At this stage, anesthesia is safe and healing is optimal.
Surgical Goals
- Reposition the urethral opening at the tip of the penis
- Straighten any curvature (chordee correction)
- Restore normal appearance and function
Common Surgical Techniques
- Urethral reconstruction (urethroplasty)
- Release of fibrous tissue causing curvature
- Foreskin reconstruction or removal if required
- Temporary catheter placement for healing
Surgery typically lasts between 1–3 hours. In most cases, the child can go home the same day after a short observation period.
Recovery & Post-Operative Care
- Catheter remains in place for a few days
- Mild swelling and redness are normal
- Pain is manageable with prescribed medications
- Follow-up visits ensure proper healing
Early childhood surgery significantly reduces the risk of complications and psychological impact.
Why Choose Our Hypospadias Surgery Center?
- Experienced pediatric reconstructive surgeons
- Advanced surgical techniques
- Child-friendly surgical environment
- High success rates
- Comprehensive pre- and post-operative care
Related Pediatric Services
Learn More About Hypospadias
For additional medical information, visit the Urology Care Foundation .
Book a Consultation for Your Child
If your child has been diagnosed with hypospadias, early consultation ensures the best outcome. Our expert surgical team provides safe, effective, and compassionate care.
Schedule a Pediatric Consultation Today
Ensuring a Healthy & Confident Future
Hypospadias is a treatable congenital condition. With timely surgical intervention, children can achieve normal urinary and future reproductive function, along with a natural appearance. Early diagnosis and expert care make all the difference.